溴化鋰機組節流機構在制冷系統中的節流分析_西安西明環?？萍加邢薰?/title> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /> <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /> </head> <body> <div style="position:fixed;left:-9000px;top:-9000px;"><menuitem id="xibze"></menuitem><sub id="xibze"><label id="xibze"><source id="xibze"><thead id="xibze"></thead></source></label></sub><dl id="xibze"></dl><nav id="xibze"><small id="xibze"><pre id="xibze"><ruby id="xibze"></ruby></pre></small></nav><output id="xibze"></output><address id="xibze"><wbr id="xibze"><s id="xibze"><tt id="xibze"></tt></s></wbr></address><rt id="xibze"></rt><del id="xibze"><dfn id="xibze"><td id="xibze"><option id="xibze"></option></td></dfn></del><div id="xibze"><font id="xibze"><listing id="xibze"></listing></font></div><bdo id="xibze"><noscript id="xibze"><ol id="xibze"></ol></noscript></bdo><pre id="xibze"></pre><tr id="xibze"></tr><cite id="xibze"></cite><blockquote id="xibze"><code id="xibze"><tbody id="xibze"><dl 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bgff p12"> <div class="subject"> <div class="position">當前位置：<a href="/">首頁</a> > <a href="/html/xinwendongtai/" title="新聞動態">新聞動態</a> > <a href="/html/changjianwenda/" title="常見問答">常見問答</a></div> <b>常見問答</b> </div> <div class="artshow"> <h1 class="title">溴化鋰機組節流機構在制冷系統中的節流分析</h1> <div class="info">發布時間：2022-5-12 10:37:39　瀏覽次數：<span id="hits">6</span></div> <div class="content infoimg"> <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">節能和環保是人類亟待解決的兩大問題。2002年8月26日至9月4日在南非約翰內斯堡舉行了可持續發展峰會。在該次會議上制冷學會發表了《制冷業對于可持續發展和減緩大氣變化的承諾》，在此文件中闡明制冷業主要的挑戰來自氣候變暖。造成制冷業影響氣候變暖的80%的原因是二氧化碳的排放。這些間接的排放是部分是由制冷裝置運行所需能量的生產引起的。制冷、<a href="http://www.1810you.com/" title="溴化鋰" target="_blank" class="sitelink">溴化鋰</a>空調和熱泵這些設備所消耗的電能約占全生產電能的15%，這表明間接排放的影響是非常的嚴重。此文件還提出在下一個20年制冷業必須樹立雄心去達到目標之一：每個制冷設備耗能減少30~50%。制冷業者為保護環境，應把節能貫穿到制冷設備的使用周期中去。作為制冷循環的四大部件之一，節流裝置在系統中起著非常關鍵的作用，通過選擇應用合適的節流機構與制冷系統匹配是整個制冷設備降低能耗的重要一環。本文將對節流機構的工作原理和運行能量匹配進行分析，重點對電子膨脹閥的工作原理進行分析。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">傳統節流機構的工作原理及匹配</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">節流的工作原理是制冷工質流過閥門時流動截面突然收縮，流體流速加快，壓力下降，壓力下降的大小取決于流動截面收縮的比例。節流機構的作用：</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、節流降壓：當常溫高壓的制冷劑飽和液體流過節流閥，變成低溫低壓的制冷劑液體并產生少許閃發氣體。進而實現向外界吸熱的目的。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、調節流量：節流閥通過感溫包感受蒸發器出口處制冷劑過熱度的變化來控制閥的開度，調節進入蒸發器的制冷劑流量，使其流量與蒸發器的熱負荷相匹配。當蒸發器熱負荷增加時閥開度也增大，制冷劑流量隨之增加，反之，制冷劑流量減少。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3、控制過熱度：節流機構具有控制蒸發器出口制冷劑過熱度的功能，既保持蒸發器傳熱面積的充分利用，又防止吸氣帶液損壞壓縮機的事故發生。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4、控制蒸發液位：帶液位控制的節流機構具有控制蒸發器液位的功能，既保持蒸發器傳熱面積的充分利用，又防止吸氣帶液降低吸氣過熱度。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">若節流機構向蒸發器的供液量與蒸發負荷相比過大，部分液態制冷劑一起進入壓縮機，引起濕壓縮或沖缸事故。相反若供液量與蒸發器負荷相比太少，則蒸發器部分傳熱面積未能充分發揮其效能，甚至會造成蒸發壓力降低，而且使制冷系統的制冷量降低，制冷系數減小，制冷裝置能耗增大。節流機構流量的調節對制冷裝置節能降耗起著非常重要的作用。大型中央空調冷水機組常用的節流機構有手動節流閥、孔板、熱力膨脹閥、浮球+主節流閥。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(229, 51, 51);">手動節流閥</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">手動節流閥是老式的節流閥，其外形與普通截止閥相似。它由閥體、閥芯、閥桿、填料壓蓋、上蓋、手輪和螺栓等零件組成。與截止閥不同之處在于它的閥芯為針型或具有V形缺口的錐體，而且閥桿采用細牙螺紋。當旋轉手輪時，可使閥門的開啟度緩慢地增大或減小，以良好的調節性能。手動節流閥開啟的大小，需要操作人員頻繁地調節，以適應負荷的變化。通常開啟度為1/8~1/4圈，一般不超過一圈，開啟度過大就起不到節流(膨脹)的作用。這種節流閥現在已被自動節流機構取代。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">孔板</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">孔板節流機構由兩塊孔板組成，采用兩級節流。制冷工質通過孔板時，制冷工質剛好到達飽和液體線，并產生少許閃發氣體;由于閃發氣體占據一部分空間，其流量也在波動，致使工質進入第二級孔板時流體的流量在一定范圍(約20%)內變動，進而達到自動調節制冷劑循環量的功能，第二級孔板因變動的流量造成不同的壓降變化，與系統高低壓差進行調節，于動態平衡后，穩定發揮制冷工質膨脹功能而完成整個制冷循環。一二級孔板設計依據：</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1、流量公式：q= a x Α x(2 x Δp x ρ)1/2</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2、冷水機組標準工況：12℃/7℃;30℃/35℃。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; color: rgb(80, 80, 80); font-size: 16px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">冷水機組在標準工況滿負荷運行時，孔板向蒸發器的供液量與蒸發負荷相匹配。但機組實際運行經常處于變工況、變負荷運行。在大壓差工況下，蒸發器負荷需求減小(幅度大于20%)，孔板大調節余量20%，由于壓差增大，孔板實際供液量比蒸發器負荷需要的液量大，吸氣過熱度降低，引起濕壓縮;在小壓差工況下，蒸發器負荷需求增大(幅度大于20%)，由于壓差減小，蒸發器實際存液量比蒸發器負荷需要的液量小，吸氣過熱度升高，制冷量降低，制冷系數減小，制冷裝置能耗增大;在由低負荷轉為高負荷情況下(幅度大于20%)，蒸發器負荷需求增大，由于制冷劑質量流量增大，短時間內蒸發器實際存液量比蒸發器負荷需要的液量小，吸氣過熱度升高，制冷量降低，制冷系數減小，制冷裝置能耗增大;在由高負荷轉為低負荷情況下(幅度大于20%)，蒸發器負荷需求減小，由于制冷劑質量流量減小，短時間內蒸發器實際存液量比蒸發器負荷需要的液量大，吸氣過熱度降低，引起濕壓縮，極端情況即機組滿負荷運行突然停機，蒸發器負荷需求減小75%，由于制冷劑質量流量突然減小75%，短時間蒸發器實際存液量比蒸發器負荷需要的液量大55%，吸氣過熱度急速降低，進而降低排氣過熱度，油分效果下降，甚至導致壓縮機奔油。雖然一二級孔板在一定范圍可自動調節，但其應付變工況、變負荷能力差，且制冷系數減小，制冷裝置能耗增大，一般不宜采用。</p><p><br/></p> <div class="list_page page_group"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pn"> <div class="pre">上一篇： <a href="/html/changjianwenda/459.html" title="溴化鋰制冷機是如何制冷的，溴化鋰溶液有哪些特性？">溴化鋰制冷機是如何制冷的，溴化鋰溶液有哪些特性？</a> </div> <div class="next">下一篇： <a href="/html/changjianwenda/461.html" title="常見中央空調保養—日常管理">常見中央空調保養—日常管理</a> </div> <a class="back" href="/html/changjianwenda/">返回</a> </div> </div> <div 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